Fluid energy machine

ABSTRACT

Pump/turbine for multiple uses for water, wind, and oil power plants, for Pipeline turbines, Energy plant, metering pump, compressors, for oil-free compressed air, vacuum pumps including the high pressure pumps with unlimited volumes, limited only by the size. Forward and backward with the same performance. This is made possible by the unique Vanpwing (Blade) guide grove, and the centerely located rotational body. 
     Advantages of this method: pumping chamber remains consistently high, High precession possible in the conveying chamber sealing, High vacuum and pressure produced at very low speeds, min. Frictional resistance, no or only min. Wear, reach max. Pressure, vacuum, liter-capacity, up to the physical limit.

The invention refers to a fluid energy machine with a circular or ellipsoid casing cylindrical in one direction, with one or several fluid inlets and one or several fluid outlets, in which a circular turning rotational body is placed coaxially (centred, central) and rotatable on a bearing.

The invention can be applied in the following areas of use.

Invention's Areas of Use as:

-   -   1) Pump for any application, suitable for all media.     -   2) Turbine for any application, liquid and gaseous media.     -   3) Condenser for oil-free compressed air, water-hydraulics.     -   4) Fluid-energy machine areas of application vacuum pump         (vacuum).     -   5) Pump, turbine, fluid energy machine independent of flow         direction (forward and back with the same performance)     -   6) Drive type, force transmission (drives) according to this         principle.     -   7) Jet drive acceleration of fluids according to this principle.

The fluid energy machine according to the invention is able to cover nearly any area of application because it combines various other features in itself. A conventional pump or turbine requires a higher energy expenditure or throughput for liquid or gaseous media as compared to the invention. This is circumvented with the invention; the invention is independent of performance and speed.

Additionally, the fluid energy machine must have the highest possible efficiency. Furthermore, the invention of this fluid energy machine can be produced maintenance- and wear-free. The underlying principle should be applied in the above areas of applications.

The term of fluid energy machine comprises all machines where a fluid is involved in energy conversion in liquid or gaseous form.

For example, turbines, pumps, condensers, vacuum pump, force transmission (drives), and in the end also jet drives. A turbine converts the kinetic energy of fluids into turning or rotational energy; they therefore are continuous flow machines. Pumps, in contrast, are fluid energy machines in which the energy inherent to the fluid is increased by application of mechanic force. The pressure of the fluid medium is increased or kinetic energy is added, often for the purpose of changing position.

A conventional pump is usually only suitable specifically for a few areas of application. Generally, a great number of fluid energy machines are known; they are specifically used in different builds for a few areas of application. All fluid energy machines have in common that they should be constructed for the highest possible efficiency. This means that the highest possible share of the underlying input energy is converted into the desired output energy. This requires that the fluid energy machine has a low loss itself.

Common pumps in the form of a vane pump, for example, are known from the publications DE 691 25 372 T2, DE 10 2006 021 252 A1 and GB 319 467 A. Either of these publications describes a vane pump with vanes that are moved into and out of slots in a rotor with a forced guide.

The task of the present invention is to create a fluid energy machine that can be produced cost-efficiently and simply.

This task is solved by a fluid energy machine pursuant to patent claim 1.

The fluid energy machine according to the invention has the characteristics of pumping back and forth, achieving high displacement volumes, generating high pressure or vacuum and achieving best values at dry intake from large heights. Furthermore, the fluid energy machine requires only a low speed (energy savings) or much lower use of a fluid medium to achieve the comparable or better values of conventional fluid energy machines, turbines. Thus, the areas of application as fluid energy machine pump, turbine, condenser, vacuum pump, force transmission (drives), jet drive are widely spread.

The fluid energy machine according to the invention has the following characteristics:

-   -   An outer casing with a circular or ellipsoid inner bore (recess)         in cylindrical shape with one or several fluid inlets and one or         several fluid outlets.     -   A circular turning rotational body in cylindrical build, set up         on a coaxial (centred, central) and rotating bearing.     -   With a radial outer diameter that is smaller than the radial         inner diameter of the inner bore (recess) of the outer casing so         that a chamber (gap) for the fluid (medium) results between one         radial outer surface of the turning rotational body and a radial         inner bore (recess) of the outer casing     -   The axial width of the chamber (gap) is determined by the axial         width of the inner bore (recess) of the outer casing and the         axial width of the rotational body     -   The height of the chamber (gap) is specified by the cylindrical         height of the casing and cylindrical height of the turning         rotational body so that the fluid can flow from the fluid inlet         through the chamber (gap) to the fluid outlet,     -   With at least one lock between the radial outersurface of the         turning rotational body and the radial inner bore (recess) of         the outer casing provided that separates the chamber (gap)         between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet to lock the chamber         (gap) against the fluid     -   With the flow direction only depending on the direction of the         input energy so that the fluid outlet only depends on the         rotational direction (pumping forwards and backwards)     -   The turning rotational body with at least one blade (preferably,         several blades are provided), that are placed retractable in a         groove (recess) in the turning rotational body to close the         chamber (gap) in the extended condition,     -   Furthermore, the turning rotational body has a duct at the floor         and lid sides behind the groove (recess) for the blade, to drain         the fluid behind the blade when moving in, with this fluid drain         also being possible in the bottom or pump lid, and in a turning         rotational body with more than one blade, the fluid drain (duct)         is guided behind the blade extending at the same moment     -   That a forced control in the outer body bottom and lid is         provided that is designed as a combined circular and ellipsoid         two-level groove or interlocking groove that extends and         retracts the blade in the turning rotational body groove         (recess) (blade stroke); when passing the lock, the blade is         retracted into the turning rotational body to the negative,         after passing the lock, the     -   blade is extended to the inner bore of the outer casing to         convey fluid through the inlet     -   with the blades being applied with a tappet at the top and         bottom to run the path of the forced control (move along it) to         retract or extend the blade; two overlapping ball bearings or a         grinding tappet, sprocket at the top and bottom are provided.

The principle of the fluid energy machine is that the fluid in the chamber (gap) moves (is pumped) between the inner circular turning rotational body and the inner bore (recess) of the outer casing, with a lock provided between the fluid in- and outlets. Pressure is built against this lock in rotating direction, with a vacuum building behind the lock in rotating direction, independently of whether the fluid media are liquid or gaseous.

It is also essential that the blades are able to pass the lock. For this purpose, they must be retracted in the groove (recess) of the turning rotational body in the area of the lock so that they are lowered into the turning rotational body when passing the lock; after passing the lock and reaching the fluid inlet, they are extended again by forced control in the outer body bottom and lid, built as a circular and ellipsoid combined groove that retracts and extends the blade; the rotational motion of the turning rotational body converts the blade motion into linear motion.

The following figures explain the invention in more detail, with this only being example setups. They show:

FIG. 1:

An example principle presentation of the invention as fluid energy machine, pump, turbine, condenser, vacuum pump or jet drive.

FIG. 2:

An example principle presentation of the forced control in the bottom and lid of the outer casing.

FIG. 3:

An example principle presentation of the blade with ball bearing.

FIG. 4:

An example principle presentation of the lock.

FIG. 5:

An example principle presentation of the turning rotational body.

FIG. 6:

An example principle presentation of the pressure handover area, by duct or groove in the casing bottom and casing lid.

FIG. 7:

An example principle presentation of the pressure handover area by duct or groove in the outer casing.

FIG. 8:

An example principle presentation to move the fluid, behind the blades by duct or groove in the blade, down when retracting and in when extending.

FIG. 9:

An example principle presentation to move the fluid, behind the blades by duct or groove in the turning rotational body, down when retracting and in when extending.

FIG. 1 shows the fluid energy machine 20, essentially comprising an outer casing 21, with a circular or ellipsoid inner bore (recess) 23, the shape of which is cylindrical and with a circular turning rotational body 24 placed coaxially inside the casing 21, rotational due to bearing 25. Furthermore, the turning rotational body 24 has a fluid drain groove (duct) 38 at the bottom and lid sides behind the groove (recess) 32 for the blade 31 to drain the fluid behind the blades 31 when retracting, with this fluid drain also being potentially located in the bottom or pump lid 36; in a turning rotational body 24 with more than one blade 31, the fluid drain groove, (duct) 38 is guided behind the blade 31 extending at the same moment.

Furthermore, the casing 21 has at least one fluid inlet 26 and at least one fluid outlet 27. FIG. 1 shows a design form of the fluid energy machine 20 as pump turbines, condensers, vacuum pump, force transmission (drives), jet drive.

The casing 21 has an inner diameter D1 that is smaller than the outer diameter D2 of the casing 21, the circular turning rotational body 24 in turn has a smaller outer diameter D3 than the inner diameter D1 of the casing 21, so that a chamber (gap) 18 remains between the circular turning rotational body 24 and the casing 21 into which the fluid medium gets.

The fluid enters the chamber (gap) 28 through the fluid inlet 26 and leaves it again in rotational direction through the fluid outlet 27; the flow direction depends solely on the direction of the input energy, so that the fluid inlet 26 and the fluid outlet 27 only depends on the rotational direction and pumping forwards and backwards is possible. The fluid is either transported through the chamber (gap) 28 into the circular turning rotational direction by the blades 31, i.e. the circular turning rotational body 24 is driven as pump when in use, or the fluid itself affects the blades 31 and drives the circular turning rotational body 24 like a turbine. The blades 31 can be retracted completely into the turning rotational body in the grooves (recess) 32.

In the design example displayed, the blades 31 are attached with axles 33 on both sides to attach two differently sized bearings 34 above each other there that move the track of the staged forced control 35 in the casing bottom 36 and casing lid 36 (run along it), to completed retract or extend the blade 31.

With one of the two bearings 34 attached on top of each other at the blade 31 serving to extend blade 31 and the other bearing 34 to retract the blade 31; this is achieved by the staged forced control 35 in the casing bottom 36 and casing lid 36.

In the extended condition, the blades 31 close the chamber (gap) 28 so that the fluid cannot flow back; sealing should be as tight as possible and the blade 31 can pass lock 37 when retracted, so that a backpressure forms in rotational direction before lock 37 and is drained through fluid outlet 27 while the two other blades 31 close off the chamber (gap) 28 completely. Behind lock 37, a vacuum forms when extending the blade 31 in rotational direction independently of whether liquid of gaseous fluid media are used.

With lock 37 being provided between the radial outer surface of the turning rotational body 24 and the radial inner bore (recess) 23 of the outer casing 21, separating the chamber (gap) 28 between the fluid inlet 26 and the fluid outlet 27 to lock the chamber (gap) 28 for the fluid to prevent flowing of the fluid against the desired rotational direction of the circular turning rotational body 24. With the staged forced control 35 retracting even before the lock 37 reaches blade 31 in rotational direction, but extends again after passing of the lock 37; it is provided that the other blades 31 close off the chamber (gap) 28 completely at the same time.

The invention is not limited to the design examples displayed but also comprises other design forms like the staged forced control 35 blade control as tappet, sprocket at the top and bottom side or a grinding tappet, and the shape of the blades 31 should be adjusted to the demanded conditions according to the knowledge of flow mechanics and flow technology. 

1. Fluid energy machine (20), comprising An outer casing (21), with a circular or ellipsoid inner bore (23), in cylindrical shape, at least one fluid inlet (26, 27) and at least one fluid outlet (27, 26) with a lock (37) provided between the fluid inlet (26, 27) and the fluid outlet (27, 26), A casing bottom (36) and a casing lid (36), each comprising a staged forced control (35) designed as a self-contained staged groove and forming a self-contained track, A circular turning rotational body (24) placed coaxially inside the outer casing (21), with a rotational bearing (25), with the turning rotational body (24) having several grooves (32) to take up one blade (31) each, with the respective blade (31) being attached with a radius (41) on the side towards thee inner bore (23) With either the turning rotational body (24) being applied with a fluid drain groove (38) each behind the multiple grooves (32) at its side towards the casing bottom (36) and the side towards the casing lid (36) to drain fluid behind the multiple blades (31) into the groove (32) when retracting the blades (31) or the casing bottom (36) or casing lid (36) being applied with a fluid drain groove (38), With the outer casing (21) having an inner diameter D1 that is smaller than the outer diameter D2 of the outer casing (21), and the circular turning rotational body (24) having an outer diameter D3 smaller than the inner diameter D1 of the outer casing (21), so that there is a chamber (28) between the circular turning rotational body (24) and the inner diameter of the outer casing (21) which the fluid medium enters, with the fluid entering through the fluid inlet (26, 27) into the chamber (28) draining in rotational direction through the fluid outlet (27, 26), with the flow direction of the fluid in the chamber (28) only depending on the rotational direction of the turning rotational body (24) so that the position of the fluid inlet (26, 27) referring to the position of the fluid outlet (27, 26) only depends on the turning rotational body (24) so that pumping forwards and backwards is possible, With the turning rotational body (24) being driven for use of the fluid energy machine (20) as a pump, causing the fluid to be conveyed through the chamber (28) by the blades (31) or acting on the fluid on the blades (31) for use of the fluid energy machine (20) as turbine, with the turning rotational body (24) being driven, With the blades (31) being applied with axles (33) at two opposing sides, each of which has two differently sized bearings (34) attached on top of each other that move along the track of the staged forced control (35) in the casing bottom (36) and the casing lid (36) to completely retract or extend the blade (31) in the grooves (32) with the staged forced control (35) in the casing bottom (36) being reached so that one of the two bearings (34) attached on top of each other to the respective blade (31) is used to extend the respective blade (31) and the other bearing (34) to retract the respective blade (31), With the blades (31) closing the chamber (28) when extended so that the fluid cannot flow back and the blades (31) can pass the lock (37) when retracted, so that a backpressure forms in rotational direction before the lock (37) that is drained through fluid outlet (27, 26) and a vacuum builds behind the lock (37) in rotational direction, With a lock (37) provided between the radial outer surface of the turning rotational body (24) and the radial inner surface in the inner bore (23) of the outer casing (21), and the radius (29) of the turning rotational body (24) and the radius (40) adjusted to the inner bore (23) of the outer casing (21) and the lock separating the chamber (28) between the fluid inlet (26, 27) and the fluid outlet (27, 26) to prevent flowing of the fluid against the desired rotational direction of the turning rotational body (24), With the staged forced control (35) retracting the blade (31) in rotational direction even before reaching the lock (37) but extending it again after passing the lock (37) while the other blades (31) entirely close the chamber (28) at the same time.
 2. Fluid energy machine (20) according to claim 1, characterised in that the driven turning rotational body (24) conveys the fluid from the fluid inlet (26, 27) to the fluid outlet (27, 26) in rotational direction of the chamber (28) with the extended blades (31) when used as a pump.
 3. Fluid energy machine (20) according to claim 1, characterised in that the fluid is guided against the extended blades (31) that entirely close off the chamber (28) at introduction to put the turning rotational body (24) in rotation when used as a turbine.
 4. Fluid energy machine (20) according to claim 1, characterised in that a vacuum builds behind the lock (37) in rotational direction, independently of whether liquid of gaseous fluid media are used.
 5. Fluid energy machine (20) according to claim 1, characterised in that a pressure transfer area transfers to the following completely extended blade (31) before the handover area of the turning point (41) of the blade (31) that just starts to retract by duct (42) or groove (43) in the outer casing (21) or casing bottom (36) and casing lid (36).
 6. Fluid energy machine (20) according to claim 1, characterised in that the fluid inlet (26, 27) and fluid inlet (27, 26) are also placed so that the fluid inlet (26, 27) and fluid inlet (27, 26) transfer the pressure transfer to the following blade (31) completely extended from the turning rotational body (24)
 7. Fluid energy machine (20) according to claim 1, characterised in that it is also provided that the blades (31) or turning rotational body (24) are equipped with at least one duct (44) or groove (45) to introduce or drain the fluid into or from the duct (44) or groove (32) behind the multiple blades (31) when retracting or extending the blade (31) from the turning rotational body (24). 